Axiom Analytical’s line of fiber–optic coupled sampling equipment has established an unparalleled record of robust reliability in on–line process analysis. A significant factor in making this possible is the use of the Company’s patented welded nickel–alloy seals.1 These are the only window seals capable of providing reliable long–term operation under conditions of high pressure, high temperatures, temperature cycling, and/or highly aggressive chemistries.
Axiom’s fiber–optic coupled sampling equipment can be used with all near–IR and UV–Visible spectrometers. A summary of product lines is provided below. To jump to specific sections of the list, click on the following categories:This site requires
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AXIOM PROCESS –LINE
- NIR & UV–VIS
NIR & UV–VIS PROCESS SAMPLING EQUIPMENT
A. LIQUID TRANSMISSION
B. GAS TRANSMISSION
C. DIFFUSE REFLECTANCE
D. ATR CHROMOPHORE ANALYSIS
E. FIBER–OPTIC MULTIPLEXERS AND INTERFACES
B. GAS TRANSMISSION
C. DIFFUSE REFLECTANCE
D. ATR CHROMOPHORE ANALYSIS
E. FIBER–OPTIC MULTIPLEXERS AND INTERFACES
A. PROCESS NIR & UV–VIS LIQUID TRANSMISSION
Axiom Analytical offers a complete line of near–IR liquid sampling equipment. Those listed below are especially geared to the needs of process analysis. Other products are to be found in the Lab-Line section of this website.
1. Single Pass Transmission Probes
The introduction of the FPT–8501, 2 in the late 1990’s was a revolutionary event in the history of near infrared process analysis. By eliminating the failure modes that had plagued previous fiber–optic coupled probes, the FPT–850 has made highly reliable in–line process analysis a practical reality.3, 4 With the FPT–850, near–IR sampling can now be performed directly in a process line or vessel, eliminating the need for expensive and trouble–prone sample conditioning systems.5 The significance of this development is attested to by the fact that several hundred FPT–850’s have now been installed and are operating continuously at plants throughout the world.
The introduction of the FPT–8501, 2 in the late 1990’s was a revolutionary event in the history of near infrared process analysis. By eliminating the failure modes that had plagued previous fiber–optic coupled probes, the FPT–850 has made highly reliable in–line process analysis a practical reality.3, 4 With the FPT–850, near–IR sampling can now be performed directly in a process line or vessel, eliminating the need for expensive and trouble–prone sample conditioning systems.5 The significance of this development is attested to by the fact that several hundred FPT–850’s have now been installed and are operating continuously at plants throughout the world.
FPT–850 PROCESS PROBE
- Welded metal seals for extreme robustness and chemical resistance1
- Withstands temperature cycling and thermal shock
- NEMA–4 classification standard
- Freedom from stray light and fringing
- Standard pressure ratings to
250 bar
- Temperature ratings to 400o C
2. Cross Line Sampling Systems
FCT Series sampling systems offer many of the benefits to the FPT–850 probes but in a form suitable for sampling across a flow path. They are especially suited for use with highly viscous samples such as polymer melts.6 They can be mounted at the output of a small extruder or in a rheometer loop on a large process extruder.
FCT Series sampling systems offer many of the benefits to the FPT–850 probes but in a form suitable for sampling across a flow path. They are especially suited for use with highly viscous samples such as polymer melts.6 They can be mounted at the output of a small extruder or in a rheometer loop on a large process extruder.
FCT SERIES
- For polymer melts and other demanding process applications
- Welded metal seals for extreme robustness and chemical resistance1
- Compatible with high temperature/pressure/viscosity
- Minimum possible flow restriction
- Customized flow fixtures to meet individual needs
3. Liquid Flow Cells
FFV Series transmission cells are designed to provide uncompromising performance for a wide variety of process development and on–line process applications. They combine high optical transmission with an unimpeded flow path and a wide range of available pathlengths—which can be either factory set or user adjustable. These capabilities are made possible by the use of a pair of precisely engineered optical plungers which face each other across the flow path. These are mounted on a choice of four different cell bodies, providing features such as pathlengths ranging form 0.5 mm to 20 cm, flow diameters to 25 mm, temperature control capability, a cleanout port, and a ninety degree scattered light port. Each of the models is available in versions optimized for near–IR, visible, or UV operation.
FFV Series transmission cells are designed to provide uncompromising performance for a wide variety of process development and on–line process applications. They combine high optical transmission with an unimpeded flow path and a wide range of available pathlengths—which can be either factory set or user adjustable. These capabilities are made possible by the use of a pair of precisely engineered optical plungers which face each other across the flow path. These are mounted on a choice of four different cell bodies, providing features such as pathlengths ranging form 0.5 mm to 20 cm, flow diameters to 25 mm, temperature control capability, a cleanout port, and a ninety degree scattered light port. Each of the models is available in versions optimized for near–IR, visible, or UV operation.
FFV SERIES
- Variable or factory–set pathlengths
- Pathlengths from 0.5 to 20 cm
- Unrestricted flow path
- Robust stainless steel/ sapphire/ Kalrez® construction
B. PROCESS NIR & UV–VIS GAS TRANSMISSION
Traditionally, near–IR or UV–Visible spectroscopy have not been widely used for gas analysis due to low sample density and the relative weakness of the overtone bands. However, this situation has changed dramatically with the advent of highly sensitive spectrometers such as those based on tunable diode lasers. This development provides two important benefits—a very significant increase in source brightness and the potential for high resolution. The latter benefit greatly enhances specificity and sensitivity by enabling the resolution of individual rotational bands.
Axiom offers two fiber–optic coupled product lines specifically tailored for near–IR or UV–Visible gas analysis.
1. Low Volume Gas Cells
FFT Series Gas Cells employ a folded–path design utilizing small diameter gold–coated lightguides. This design provides extremely low volume and rapid sample exchange. In addition, the precise overlap of the gas flow and optical paths insures a very high degree of stability and photometric accuracy. These cells are available in pathlengths to two meters.
FFT Series Gas Cells employ a folded–path design utilizing small diameter gold–coated lightguides. This design provides extremely low volume and rapid sample exchange. In addition, the precise overlap of the gas flow and optical paths insures a very high degree of stability and photometric accuracy. These cells are available in pathlengths to two meters.
FFT SERIES
- Low Volume
- Fast response
- Negligible sample carryover
- Fixed, unambiguous pathlength
- Easy maintenance
2. Multipass Gas Cells
FFM Series cells7 were designed primarily to meet the rigorous requirements of process gas analysis. These cells take advantage of the spatial coherence characteristic of the new generation of spectrometers based on tunable lasers to provide multiple pass operation combined with ease of alignment. In addition, the mirror coatings are on the outside of fused silica windows, making it possible to completely clean out the cell without risking damage to the optics.
FFM Series cells7 were designed primarily to meet the rigorous requirements of process gas analysis. These cells take advantage of the spatial coherence characteristic of the new generation of spectrometers based on tunable lasers to provide multiple pass operation combined with ease of alignment. In addition, the mirror coatings are on the outside of fused silica windows, making it possible to completely clean out the cell without risking damage to the optics.
FFM SERIES
- Low Volume
- Fast response
- Negligible sample carryover
- Fixed, unambiguous pathlength
- Easy maintenance
C. PROCESS NIR & UV–VIS DIFFUSE REFLECTANCE
Near–IR has been used for the analysis of agricultural products and other scattering solids for many decades. In the past, most applications have involved either loading the product onto a specialized sampling stage or the use of probes based on large diameter fiber–optic bundles. In contrast, Axiom’s diffuse reflectance probes are designed to be used with small diameter bundles or even single fibers. This provides greater flexibility, much lower transmission cost, and optimum coupling to the newer generations of spectrometers such as those employing charged–coupled detector arrays, FT–NIR, and tunable laser diodes. For further discussions of diffuse reflectance analysis, see Technical Notes AN-911,AN-916, and AN-922.8, 9, 10
1. Immersion Probes
FDR–700 Series probes1, 11 are designed for insertion into a scattering sample such as a powder or slurry. These probes employ detachable bifurcated single fibers or small fiber bundles for economy and convenience. Individual models are optimized for applications ranging from hand-held sample survey to polymer melt analysis.
FDR–700 Series probes1, 11 are designed for insertion into a scattering sample such as a powder or slurry. These probes employ detachable bifurcated single fibers or small fiber bundles for economy and convenience. Individual models are optimized for applications ranging from hand-held sample survey to polymer melt analysis.
FDR–700 SERIES
- Both lab and process versions available
- Compatible with single fibers and small bundles
- Suitable for immersion in aggressive chemicals
- Compatible with high temperatures and pressures
- Large depths of field
- Purely passive and non–hazardous
2. Non–Contact Probes
FDR–800 Series probes7 are designed for use with a finite sample offset. The proprietary design of these probes allows a sample to be viewed through a thick window without incurring stray light due to window reflection. Their compact structure and passive nature makes them ideal for both laboratory and process sampling in the pharmaceutical industry.
FDR–800 Series probes7 are designed for use with a finite sample offset. The proprietary design of these probes allows a sample to be viewed through a thick window without incurring stray light due to window reflection. Their compact structure and passive nature makes them ideal for both laboratory and process sampling in the pharmaceutical industry.
FDR–800 SERIES
- Target offsets of typically 12 – 15 mm
- Immune to reflection from window surfaces
- Viewed spot diameters of typically 8 mm
- Purely passive (employs separate optical source)
- Large depth of field
- Convenient form factor (2.5 cm diameter x 10 cm long)
D. PROCESS UV–VIS ATR CHROMOPHORE ANALYSIS
Many dyes, aromatics, and other chromophores have absorptions in the UV and visible regions of the spectrum that are orders of magnitude too strong to allow transmission analysis without substantial dilution. However, these substances can often be analyzed by means of attenuated total reflectance (ATR). Axiom’s FNL Series ATR cells4 provide a high degree of flexibility by allowing the characteristics of the ATR element to be specified for optimum performance in a given application.12
FNL SERIES
- Fiber–optic coupling to most
UV–Visible spectrometers
- Response down to 200 nm
- Sensitivity set by interchangeable ATR elements
- Compatible with lab and process applications
- Rapid sample cleanout
E. PROCESS NIR & UV–VIS FIBER-OPTIC MULTIPLEXERS
AND INTERFACES
FMX Series multiplexers13, 14 allow a single spectroscopic instrument to be switched between multiple sampling devices. Both mono– and bi–directional models are available. In addition, fiber–optic interfaces are available for use with instruments not already equipped with fiber–optic connections.
FMX SERIES MULTIPLEXERS
- Electronic switching between up to 16 channels
- Switches both transmitted and received signals
- Excellent channel matching and high transmission
- No frequency shift between channels
- Choice of popular data processing protocols
FOI SERIES SAMPLE COMPARTMENT FIBER-OPTIC INTERFACES
- Provides fiber–optic coupling for transmitted and received signals
- Compatible with most spectrometers
- Individual models available for Near–IR, Visible, and UV ranges
Call Axiom for more information
FAC SERIES COLLIMATED BEAM FIBER-OPTIC INTERFACES
- Couples to collimated beam ports on many spectrometers
- Compatible with Axiot optical transfer system
- Reflective optics for broad spectral coverage
Call Axiom for more information
REFERENCES